The Modification of Carbon Nanospheres with Oxygen-Containing Groups by the Oxidation in Nitric Acid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/1810-0546.2015.6.50447Keywords:
Carbon nanospheres, Oxidation, Nitric acid, Raman spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopyAbstract
Background. Purification and functionalization of carbon nanomaterials is an important task to get nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution which will be soluble in organic substrates that allow effectively find practical using of these nano-objects.
Objective. Specifying of the influence of nitric acid oxidation of carbon nanospheres on their structure and chemical composition.
Methods. The oxidation of the initial samples at 120 °C in solutions of nitric acid of different concentrations was carried out to estimate structural changes. Structural changes and chemical composition were evaluated according to Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy.
Results. For the first time it is presented the changes in the structure and chemical composition of the oxidized in nitric acid, which was selected as a relatively mild oxidizer, the samples of carbon nanospheres obtained by the high-frequency arc-discharge synthesis using both cyclohexane or propane-butane. The carbon nanospheres’ sizes are about 5 to 50 nm, the spheres have multilayer structure. It is found that with increasing the acid concentration from 15 to 60 wt.% oxidized product yield decreases and the percentage of oxygen in samples increases.
Conclusions. Functionalization of carbon nanospheres by oxidation results in nanoparticles with a significant amount of oxygen-containing groups including COOH, C=O, C–O–C, C–OH. It was found that the oxidation of carbon nanospheres with nitric acid leads to a change of their microstructure with increasing interaction between the graphene layers and the formation of “ideally” inserted layers, as revealed from the shift of the bands in the Raman spectra.
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